![]() Sedimentary rocks form when layers of sediments are buried and compacted over time. Intrusive igneous rocks form deep underground, where the temperature and pressure are high. “ Bryce Canyon” by Luca Galuzzi is licenced under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic. These combined processes yield two important outcomes: sedimentary clasts and ions in solution that can eventually form sedimentary rock, and the soil that is vital for life on Earth. Mechanical weathering exposes new surfaces for chemical processes to act upon, while chemical weathering weakens the rock, making it more prone to mechanical weathering. The first is mechanical weathering, which involves the physical fragmentation of the rock, and the second is chemical weathering, which alters the rock’s minerals into forms that are stable at the surface. Weathering encompasses two distinct processes. They experience wide temperature fluctuations, reduced pressure, abundant oxygen and other gases, and, in most climates, plentiful water. However, when rocks are brought to the surface due to erosion of the overlying layers, they encounter a drastically different environment. In the crust, rocks are subjected to constant temperatures, high pressure, and minimal exposure to the atmosphere or moving water. While most rocks originate deep within the crust, sedimentary rocks are exceptions. Weathering is the process that takes place when rocks are exposed to the elements at the Earth’s surface.
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